The relationship of perceived parental involvement and self-esteem with the leisure participation of children in grades 5 and 7

Abstract

This study examined parental involvement as perceived by children and the relationship of that perception with children’s self-esteem and leisure participation. Additionally, the study examined the effects of family structure and selected socioeconomic factors on perceived parental involvement. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 66 students attending grades 5 and 7 in a rural New York school.The questionnaire contained content scales from two standardized instruments: the Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI, 1994), adapted for child respondents, and the Culture Free Self Esteem Inventories (CFSEI-3, 2002).