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{\version3}{\edmins2}{\nofpages23}{\nofwords5524}{\nofchars31489}{\*\manager }{\*\company SUNY }{\*\category }{\nofcharsws36940}{\vern16389}}\margl1440\margr1440\margt1411\margb1109 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\pgnstart0\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3 \jcompress\viewkind1\viewscale75\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot6447128 \fet0\sectd \pgnrestart\pgnstarts0\linex0\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13911652\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar \tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13188755 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs24\insrsid7209098 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12731980 22}}}{\cs24\insrsid7209098 \par }\pard \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid7209098 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li2232\ri2448\sb540\sl480\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin2448\lin2232\itap0\pararsid6763862 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f2\ul\expnd0\expndtw4\insrsid2102358\charrsid4391765 SUNY COMMUNITY COLLEG}{\f2\ul\expnd0\expndtw4\insrsid2102358\charrsid12731980 E }{\f2\ul\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid2102358\charrsid4391765 TOPICAL PAPER NUMBER 1}{\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid2102358\charrsid4391765 \par }\pard \qc \fi-1152\li1152\ri72\sb2808\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin72\lin1152\itap0\pararsid4391765 {\b\f2\expnd0\expndtw4\insrsid2102358 "THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES}{\b\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid2102358 OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK" \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sb2304\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4391765 {\b\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid4391765 AUTHOR: }{\b\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid4019946 }{\b\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid2102358 Dr. Freda R. H. Martens}{ \b\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid4391765 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri13\sb240\sa100\saauto1\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx8190\faauto\adjustright\rin13\lin0\itap0\pararsid4019946 {\b\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid4391765\charrsid4391765 EDITORS: Dr. Phyllis Bader-Borel \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri13\sa100\saauto1\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx8190\faauto\adjustright\rin13\lin0\itap0\pararsid4019946 {\b\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid4019946 }{\b\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid4391765\charrsid4391765 Dr. Neal Robbins \par }\pard \ql \fi-576\li2304\ri1944\sb240\sa2664\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin1944\lin2304\itap0\pararsid4391765 {\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid4391765 \par }\pard \qc \fi18\li1710\ri1944\sb240\sa2664\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin1944\lin1710\itap0\pararsid4019946 {\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid2102358 Office of Community Colleges}{\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid4019946 }{ \f2\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid2102358 State University of New York }{\f2\expnd1\expndtw6\insrsid2102358 September, 1985 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri1944\sb1260\sa2664\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin1944\lin0\itap0\pararsid6763862 {\insrsid2102358 \sect }\sectd \marglsxn1498\margtsxn1440\margbsxn1440\psz1\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13911652\sftnbj \pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sb936\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6763862 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f2\fs26\ul\insrsid2102358 THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES}{ \f2\fs26\insrsid4019946 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sb120\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6763862 {\f2\fs26\ul\insrsid2102358 OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK}{\f2\fs26\insrsid2102358 \par }\pard\plain \s20\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6763862 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f2\fs26\insrsid2102358 \par \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid78947 Introduction \par }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par State University of New York's (SUNY's) thirty community colleges serve over 175,000 full- and part-time students, with more than a quarter million different individuals registered in their credit-and credit-free courses. The history of the community coll eges}{\f5\insrsid9467080 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 in New York is a relatively short one because legislation to provide for their establishment was passed only as recently as 1948. .Their creation and explosive growth as distinctive "open door" colleges, is a remarkable accomplishment in New York State 's higher education history. \par \par The pattern of growth and development of New York's early twen\-tieth century farm schools into regionally located two-year agricultural and technical institutes, is not reviewed here because these institutes are integral parts of the State Univer\- sity. Their fully state-supported programs are overwhelmingly technical/vocational in nature, making the focus of their educa\-tional philosophy considerably different from that of the locally sponsored but state-aided community colleges. \par \par The seven community colleges in New York City are not reviewed in this paper since they are no longer part of SUNY. These col\-leges, with their more than 60,000 full-time equivalent students, were coordinated by the State University until 1975, when th eir status was changed. The Board of Higher Education of New York City, as the single board of trustees for these institutions, became the Board of Trustees of the City University, making these community colleges a part of the City University system. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6763862 {\f5\ul\insrsid6763862 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid78947 {\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid78947 Early Ideas and Efforts to Expand Educational Opportunities}{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358 \par }{\f5\ul\insrsid78947\charrsid78947 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 New York's community college movement emerged later in New York State than in most other states. Although some of the ideas associated with this movement had roots deep in New York's history, the dev elopment of community colleges was a unique response to powerful socioeconomic forces felt in the State in the mid-twentieth century. The resulting commitment to access and service was no less strong than in states with long-estab\-lished junior colleges. \par \par }{\f5\insrsid4657935\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Early efforts to extend higher learning in New York State and to provide vocational opportunities for its youth can be seen in the}{\f5\insrsid13188755\charrsid4657935 }{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 purposes announced for Peoples College in the nineteenth century. (1) It can be seen in the normal schools established after the Civil War and the vocational farm schools at the turn of the }{ \f5\insrsid4019946\charrsid4657935 c}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 entury.(2) However, no grass roots demand for junior colleges as an extension of the public school system appeared in New York S}{\f5\insrsid4019946\charrsid4657935 t}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ate in the early 1920's, as occurred in some states.(3) Even so, a fi}{\f5\insrsid4019946\charrsid4657935 ve=year experiment }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 with}{\f5\insrsid4019946\charrsid4657935 twenty-two E}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 me}{\f5\insrsid4019946\charrsid4657935 rgency Collegiate}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Centers during the depression years of the 1930's convinced New}{\f5\insrsid4019946\charrsid4657935 Yorkers}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 that college courses could be taken by students while living at home.(4)}{\f5\insrsid2102358 \par }{\f5\insrsid4657935 \par }{\f5\insrsid9467080\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 The Increased Demand for Two-Year College Education Leads to the Community College Legislation of 1948 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par The}{\f5\insrsid4019946\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 immediate effect of the Emergency Collegiate Centers was to whet the appetite of the people of New York for more. The 1936 }{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 A}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 nnual Report of the State Education Department pointed out that }{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 t}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 here was much talk in the State concerning the need for junior colleges so that college credit could be earned near home. But when World War II came, with it came recognition of the need to provide increased technical training for the youth of the State. \par \par The Board of Regents developed its }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Plan for Post War Education in the State of New York}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 in 1945 as a major proposal to create twenty-two entirely new postsecondary institutes that would combi ne technical training with general education.(5) When a Temporary Commission on Institutes of Applied Arts and Sciences examined this plan, five postsecondary technical/vocational \par institutions were recommended as a five-year experiment. These fully state-s upported units were opened in temporary facilities at Binghamton, Buffalo, New York City, White Plains and Utica. Meanwhile, college centers offering two-year transfer programs to returning veterans were opened by the Associated Colleges of Upper New York , near Lake Seneca, and at Utica, Plattsburgh and Middletown High School. These "junior" college units operated until 1950 under private college auspices. \par \par The perceived need for technical education in New York State in the late 1940's, the shortage of four -year college facilities and a growing belief that discrimination in admission was being practiced at existing colleges added fuel to a loud public demand at that time for the creation of a state university, a public higher education structure that existe d in every o}{\f5\insrsid78947 ther state at that time.(6) The }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Temporary Commission on the Need for a State}{\f5\insrsid78947 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 University was estab}{ \f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 lished }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 in 1946 to give serious}{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 consideration}{\f5\insrsid78947 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 to the need for new state-supported institutions. \par \par It was while the staff of this temporary commission was writing a series of insightful technical re}{\f5\insrsid78947 ports that the 1947 Report of }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 the}{\f5\insrsid4657935\charrsid4657935 }{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 President's Commission on Higher Education appeared on the national scene.(7) The Commission's }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Higher Education for}{\f5\ul\insrsid4657935\charrsid5310983 Amer}{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 i\-can Democracy:}{\f5\ul\insrsid14053315\charrsid5310983 }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Establishing the Goals}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 provided some of the clearest and most far-reaching statements ever written on both the need to expand educational opportunity and to develop diverse}{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1041\insrsid12731980 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft0\shptop14386\shpright11968\shpbottom14851\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr5\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz0\shplid1026{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 65536}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pWrapPolygonVertices}{\sv 8;5;(-62,0) ;(-62,21600);(21662,21600);(21662,0);(-62,0)}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fEditedWrap}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14053315 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7209098\charrsid14053315 \par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8192\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14053315 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \insrsid7209098\charrsid14053315 \par }}\dpx0\dpy14386\dpxsize11968\dpysize465\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}}}{\f5\insrsid4657935\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 educational services in communities across the nation. The term "community college" was widely used i n this report. It helped to spread an understanding of the nature of comprehensive community-based two-year education then being outlined by influential educators. Although the meaning of the term "community college" was not to become fully apparent until the decades of the 1960's and 1970's, as the community college movement exploded across the country, the final report of New York's Temporary Commission on the Need for a State University said that the conditions of the times in New York State in 1948 req uired "a broadening of the public provisions for higher education on all fronts." Since these purposes could best be served by a long-range program that would include community colleges, the Commission recommended: \par \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri1563\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin1563\lin1440\itap0\pararsid78947 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Establishment, with state aid, of locally administered public community colleges, offering two-year terminal general and technical education, thus providing for}{\f5\insrsid78947 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 an important unmet need in the education-al system of New York State. The capital}{\f5\insrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 costs of these colleges should be shared equally by th e localities and by the state. One-third of the current costs should be financed by local contributions, one-third by student fees, and one-third by state aid under a long-range plan prepared by the Trustees of the State University, and approved by the Bo ard of Regents, and by}{\f5\insrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 the Governor. The existing state insti\-tutes should be converted into local community colleges where feasible.(8) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par This conclusion was, in fact, a result of a compromise between those who favored establishment of the newly envisioned community college program through local levies and state aid, and those who wanted the two-year colleges to be state institutions, built and maintained with state funds, and responding to state}{\f5\insrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 authority.(9) The Commission saw the recommended community colleges as a part of its proposed State University system. The community college enabling legislation of 1948, separate from the State Univer\- sity's legislation, made it clear that although State University would control the community colleges' programs, staff, and admission policies, the State itself would not be totally respon\- sible for the financing of the colleges as it would be for all other units within the new unive}{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 rsity system.}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par \par }{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 Thus, it was with widespr}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ead acceptance of the Commission's }{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 recommendations, that Ch}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 apter 696 of the Laws of 1948 was passed" }{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 March 12 of that year, set}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ting}{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 the course for the development o}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 f co}{\f5\insrsid4657935 mmunity colleges in the State }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 of New York.}{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1041\insrsid12731980 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft0\shptop13517\shpright10143\shpbottom13831\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr5\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz1\shplid1027{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 131072}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pWrapPolygonVertices}{\sv 8;5;(-62,0) ;(-62,21600);(21662,21600);(21662,0);(-62,0)}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fEditedWrap}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \ql \li5328\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5328\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f2\fs26\insrsid7209098 \par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8193\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \ql \li5328\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5328\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f2\fs26\insrsid7209098 \par }}\dpx0\dpy13517\dpxsize10143\dpysize314\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}}}{\f5\insrsid4657935 \par \par }{\f5\insrsid2910368 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7209098 {\f5\ul\insrsid14053315\charrsid7209098 The }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7209098 Establishment and Explosive Growth of the Community College Leads to an Extensive and Varied System by the 1970's \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 New }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 York State's 1948 enabling legislation for "Community Colleges }{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 a}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 nd state-aided Four-Year Colleges" authorized the establishment}{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 a}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 nd operation of community colleges: \par \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri1426\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin1426\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2910368 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ... either individually or jointly, by counties, cities or intermediate school districts, pur\- suant to the provisions of this article, and providing two-year postsecondary programs pur\-suant to regulations prescribed by the state university trustees and receiving financial assistance from the state therefor}{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 e} {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 .(10) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par Two-year, post high school programs combining technical education }{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 with }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 general education were to be offered, along with transfer opportunities to regular four-year colleges, and special courses and extension work for part-time students. \par \par Almost immediately, Orange County Community College and Jamestown Community College came into being, followed by Auburn three years later.(11) The gift of an estate to be used as a campus and valued at $3 million s peeded Orange County Community College's establishment. State support of the temporary Institutes of Applied Arts and Sciences and the Veteran's Vocational School at Troy, New York was discontinued and the institutes also were renamed c}{ \f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 ommunity}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 colleges in 1953, under local sponsorship.}{\f5\insrsid2910368 }{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 \'93Chargebacks}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 " were established to permit sharing of sponsor}{\f5\insrsid2910368 }{\f5\insrsid14053315\charrsid4657935 supp}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ort costs with the home counties of students attending these new colleges. However, the original limitation placed on the former institutes to provide "terminal training" continued only until 1957. Comprehensive community college programs were then permitted at the option of the local sponsor.(12) \par \par The growth of New York's new community college network proceeded slowly at first and then at a rapid pace. State Uni versity's trustees formulated a long-range master plan in 1950, as they had been charged to do, for the "establishment of community colleges in areas most suitable for and most in need of such institu\- tions."(13) Although the plan's release met with considerable disagreement regarding responsibility for its execution at the state level, the Attorney General of New York authorized use of}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 the plan }{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 to guide local communities in establishing community colleges under their sponsorship.(14) Furthermore, the resolu\- tion of a taxpayer's suit, brought in 1957 against the Board of Supervisors of Rensselaer County regarding the constitutionality of the county supporting a community college, provided an addi\-tional impetus to local authorities to develop higher educatio n close to home.(15) \par }{\f5\insrsid2102358 \par }{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1041\insrsid12731980 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft0\shptop14408\shpright11827\shpbottom14949\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr5\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz2\shplid1028 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 196608}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pWrapPolygonVertices}{\sv 8;5;(-62,0);(-62,21600);(21662,21600);(21662,0);(-62,0)}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fEditedWrap}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2843008 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7209098\charrsid2843008 \par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8194\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2843008 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7209098\charrsid2843008 \par }}\dpx0\dpy14408\dpxsize11827\dpysize541\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}}}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 It has been claimed, therefore, that New York State had no grass roots movement from which a demand for community colleges arose but rather that the concept originated with the Temporary Commis\-sion on the Need for a State Univers ity as its staff struggled to respond to the urgent need for expanded higher educational facilities in the State. Even so, the suggestion did not lack historical roots or fail to meet an obvious need. The then current need for local colleges to serve many purposes was clearly evident; and, as the Commission's staff was aware, Michigan and California provided examples of what needed to be done. It was in answer to these concerns that the state legisla\- ture responded, providing capital funds equally with local sponsors, and requiring that operating costs be shared by student tuition, state aid and sponsor support in order to develop New York's community colleges. \par \par Once these community colleges were created, they expanded rapidly in response to the diverse educational needs of their student bodies. Eighteen communit}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 y}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 colleges were in existence by }{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 1960,}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 and }{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 tremendous strides had been mad}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 e towar}{ \f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 d}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 th}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 e goa}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 l}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 o}{ \f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 f pl}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 acing "every high school graduate in the State within commuting dis\-tance of a two-year college."(17) Th e Board of Trustees of State University called it a dramatic response to a fundamental need. (18) The community colleges were serving 39,222 full-time and}{\f5\insrsid4008675 39,702 part-time credit course }{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 students by }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 1967 (seven times the}{\f5\insrsid4008675 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 number enrolled ten years earlier) and}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 of}{ \f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 fering an }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 extensive" range of courses.(19) \par \par The promise of the 1930's was at last fulfilled. The vision of the staff of the Temporary Commission and of later educational and political leaders was realized. By 1967, a varied network of comprehensive lo cally-sponsored community colleges, under the program of the State University, covered the state. Even the old divisive question of vocational/technical versus university parallel education was not only resolved but was about to be absorbed into an even b roader community college mission more suited to the socioeconomic needs of the 1970's. \par }{\f5\insrsid2102358 \par }{\f5\insrsid6763862 \par }{\f5\insrsid6763862\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4008675 {\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid4008675 Problems of Access, Quality and Fiscal Support Lead to an Expanded Community }{\f5\ul\insrsid2843008\charrsid4008675 College}{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid4008675 Mission and Closer Alignment with State University \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par By 1972, community colle ge students had almost doubled in number from five years earlier. A total of 66,562 full-time and 55,221 part-time credit course students were enrolled. It is not surprising, therefore, that the rapid growth of the community colleges also created a series of problems related to their accessibility for all students, the quality of their programs and the need for increased fiscal support in an era of rising higher education costs. \par \par }{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1041\insrsid12731980 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft0\shptop14338\shpright11385\shpbottom14771\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr5\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz4\shplid1029 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 262144}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pWrapPolygonVertices}{\sv 8;5;(-62,0);(-62,21600);(21662,21600);(21662,0);(-62,0)}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fEditedWrap}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2843008 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7209098\charrsid2843008 \par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8196\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2843008 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7209098\charrsid2843008 \par }}\dpx0\dpy14338\dpxsize11385\dpysize433\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}}}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 The need for higher education by the youth of New York State was so great that the community colleges were swamped by this demand, in effect denying access for the socioeconomically disadvantaged who could not afford the required tuition. A legislative consul\-}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 tant in}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 196}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 4 c}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 alle}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 d}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 for a new setting in which to educate the State's}{ \f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid4008675 \par }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 d}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 isadvantaged}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 youth.(20) Dorothy Knoell studied the matter and concluded that: \par }{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1041\insrsid12731980 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft205\shptop194\shpright9459\shpbottom1199\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr5\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz3\shplid1030 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 327680}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pWrapPolygonVertices}{\sv 8;5;(-62,0);(-62,21600);(21662,21600);(21662,0);(-62,0)}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fEditedWrap}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \ql \li864\ri1872\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin1872\lin864\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \f2\expnd-1\expndtw-8\insrsid7209098\charrsid4008675 State University should look to its present}{\f2\insrsid7209098\charrsid4008675 two-year colleges to expand opportunity, }{\f2\expnd0\expndtw-2\insrsid7209098\charrsid4008675 before considering seriously the creation}{\f2\insrsid7209098\charrsid4008675 of a new type of institution.(21) \par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8195\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \ql \li864\ri1872\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin1872\lin864\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \f2\expnd-1\expndtw-8\insrsid7209098\charrsid4008675 State University should look to its present}{\f2\insrsid7209098\charrsid4008675 two-year colleges to expand opportunity, }{\f2\expnd0\expndtw-2\insrsid7209098\charrsid4008675 before considering seriously the creation}{\f2\insrsid7209098\charrsid4008675 of a new type of institution.(21) \par }}\dpx205\dpy194\dpxsize9254\dpysize1005\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}}}{\f5\insrsid4008675 \par }{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 The}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 end result of this was: (1) the creation of a few Equal \par Educational Opportunity Centers under the administration of some \par co}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 mm}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 unity colleges;(,22) (2) the participation of many community \par }{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 col}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 leges in a Statewide "SEEK" type of program known as the Ed}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 u}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 cational Oppor tunity Program (EOP) for educationally and}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 eco}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 nomically disadvantaged students deemed to have the potential for achieving a higher education;(23) and, (3) the even wider}{ \f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 participation of community colleges in a new program of "open\_}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 \par door\'94 admission, counseling }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 and developmental education, known as "full opportunity."(24) \par \par The Full Opportunity Program (FOP) of 1970 guaranteed admission to an appropriate program of the participating community college }{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 to all high sch}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ool graduates of the previous year and veterans, both groups in the college's sponsorship area. The incentive to}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 provide this "full opportunity\'94 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 was increased operating aid from the State. Al but four }{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 c}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ommunity colleges were approved FOP colleges by January 1971, following State University acceptance}{ \f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 of their FOP pla}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ns. Five years later, all community colleges }{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 were so designated}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , }{ \f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 t}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 her}{\f5\insrsid2843008\charrsid4657935 e}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 by expanding the mission of New York's community colleges to include that of "risk students" for whom counseling and remedial work would be provided. \par \par In spite of the growing acceptance of two-year graduates at public and private four-year colleges and universities, the question of quality also needed attention. It was the diversity of curricula, with a plethora of titles, in the rapidly growing communi ty colleges that created confused program structures and course content.(26) Thus, the State University had to assume increased responsibility for approving new programs and retaining existing ones. Community college programs became subject to State }{ \f5\insrsid1721210\charrsid4657935 Universi}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ty's s}{\f5\insrsid1721210\charrsid4657935 ingl}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 e classification system, based on the HEGIS classification of disciplines and degrees. The Univer\-s}{\f5\insrsid1721210\charrsid4657935 ity\rquote s}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid1721210\charrsid4657935 Office of }{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Academ}{\f5\insrsid1721210\charrsid4657935 ic}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Programs, Policy and Planning developed guidelines for the submission of new program proposals and procedures for the rev iew of these proposals by Presidents within the coordinating region of the institution.(27) It was hoped, therefore, that unnecessary duplication would be eliminated and improved assessments made of region-wide demands for high cost programs. Furthermore, guidelines for the elimination of pro-grams were also developed; and, eventually, procedures for the}{\f5\insrsid13188755\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 review of all programs at t}{\f5\insrsid15341802\charrsid4657935 he un}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 dergraduate level over}{\f5\insrsid15341802\charrsid4657935 a }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 series of }{\f5\insrsid15341802\charrsid4657935 successive }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 five-year periods.(28) In this way the scattered }{\f5\insrsid15341802\charrsid4657935 communi}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ty colleges were alig ned more closely with the overall educational goals and structure of the State University system, in order to ensure academic integrity and enhanced quality of all program offerings. \par \par The question of adequate fiscal support for the community colleg\-es was a difficult matter to resolve. The colleges' tuition had to remain low if the students were to afford this cost. The expanded enrollments and the increased cost of higher education had created a financial burden for the sponsors, which was aggravated by d i screpancies stemming from the chargeback system. In fact, the old one-third formula failed to exist. The Heald Committee had proposed as early as 1960 that the state provide more aid for the exploding community colleges--50 percent instead of the approxim ately one-third of operating costs.(29) Yet this was not a question that could be isolated from the need to improve the administration and educational management of the community colleges if accountability was to be enhanced. \par \par A task force on "Problems of the Community Colleges" was appoint\-ed, therefore, by State University's Chancellor following release of the University's 1972 Master Plan that said: \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-90\li1440\ri2077\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin2077\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4008675 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 "... the time has come for the University to move to bring the public community colleges more fully within the framework of the State University. While these colleges must retain local roots, it seems clear that the current ambiguous relationships cannot continue. Amend\- ment of the community college law and revisions of administrative regulati ons will be sought by the University, where necessary, to align the community colleges more closely to the overall educational, administrative and fiscal structure and program of the State University.(30) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par This task force took steps immediately to consider a number of fiscally related problems of community college management and accountability. Variations in the locations of power with regard to the development of community college budgets and construction programs were examined, along with the irregular a nd inconsistent procedures used. The varying degrees of sponsor control, person\-nel matters, and a variety of other fiscal difficulties were reviewed. These problems were, in part, a result of the isola\- tion of the scattered community colleges from high-level Univer\-sity advice and assistance, as both colleges and sponsors re\-sponded in various ways to their unique administrative difficul\-ties.(31) \par }{\f5\insrsid13188755\charrsid4657935 \par }{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1041\insrsid12731980 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft-1295\shptop9858\shpright-177\shpbottom10143\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr5\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz5\shplid1031 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 393216}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pWrapPolygonVertices}{\sv 8;5;(-62,0);(-62,21600);(21662,21600);(21662,0);(-62,0)}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fEditedWrap}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7209098 \par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8197\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7209098 \par }}\dpx-1295\dpy9858\dpxsize1118\dpysize285\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}} {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft-1444\shptop14371\shpright10503\shpbottom14757\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr5\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz7\shplid1032{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 458752}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pWrapPolygonVertices}{\sv 8;5;(-62,0) ;(-62,21600);(21662,21600);(21662,0);(-62,0)}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fEditedWrap}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sb72\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15341802 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f2\fs26\insrsid7209098 \par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8199\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sb72\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15341802 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f2\fs26\insrsid7209098 \par }}\dpx-1444\dpy14371\dpxsize11947\dpysize386\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}}}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 New York's Legislative Commission on Expenditure Review also examined this matter in 1973. In its }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Evaluation of Two-Year }{\f5\ul\insrsid15341802\charrsid5310983 College}{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Trends}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , analyzing enrollment growth, program offerings, finances and capital facilities, the Commission pointed out that problems of excessive sponsor control existed at some community colleges.(32) \par \par A task force on Financing/Hig her Education created by Governor Rockefeller and chaired by Francis Keppel also made a report in 1973. This report said that the community colleges had earned the right to the priority attention then being given them but discrepancies among them in quali ty and access needed to be reduced.(33) Community colleges not in New York City needed to be more closely integrated into the State's public higher educa\-tion system, so as to: \par \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri2077\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin2077\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4008675 {\f5\insrsid15341802\charrsid4657935 become }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 more effectively a part of the State University of New York with regard to their methods of finance and governance...(34) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par It was furthe}{\f5\insrsid15341802\charrsid4657935 r }{\f5\insrsid13188755\charrsid4657935 recommended that }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 the Governor appoint more than half of the tr}{\f5\insrsid15341802\charrsid4657935 u}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 stees of these colleges and tha}{\f5\insrsid4008675 t the state supply more than 60 p}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ercent of their operating costs. \par \par A Joint Legislative Committee reported to the Governor and Legislature the following year on the matter of the State's student tuition assistance program and said that it was ready to work with State University in formalizing and reorienting the community college structure and operat i ons.(35) This legislative report pointed out that a 1973 higher education omnibus bill had directed State University to develop plans and procedures for insuring quality degree offerings, specific budgetary processes and certain other activities in all co mmunity colleges.(36) \par \par }{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1041\insrsid12731980 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft-1117\shptop2709\shpright10105\shpbottom6069\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr5\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz6\shplid1033 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 524288}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pWrapPolygonVertices}{\sv 8;5;(-62,0);(-62,21600);(21662,21600);(21662,0);(-62,0)}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fEditedWrap}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \qj \fi-504\li1080\ri72\sb24\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin72\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12459730 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \f2\fs26\expnd0\expndtw-2\insrsid7209098 }{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-2\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 The budgetary process provides that budgetary operations}{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 }{\f5\expnd2\expndtw12\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 in}{ \i\f5\expnd2\expndtw12\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 }{\i\f5\expnd2\expndtw12\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-2\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 SUNY}{\f5\insrsid15680882 }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 community colleges begin well in advance of the colleges' }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 fiscal}{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 }{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-3\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 year. Preliminary operating budget}{\b\f5\expnd0\expndtw-3\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 }{ \f5\expnd0\expndtw-4\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 requests are submitted to}{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-4\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-4\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 the}{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-4\insrsid12459730 }{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 University in midsummer and specific forms are used to }{\f5\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 provide data on the present and future years' budget estimates. }{\f5\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 These }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-6\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 requests are consolidated for approval by State University }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-6\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-6\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 of New}{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 York trustees and transmittal to the Governor for inclusion }{\f5\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 in}{\f5\insrsid15680882 }{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 the Executive Budget. \par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8198\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \qj \fi-504\li1080\ri72\sb24\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin72\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12459730 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f2\fs26\expnd0\expndtw-2\insrsid7209098 }{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-2\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 The budgetary process provides that budgetary operations}{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 }{ \f5\expnd2\expndtw12\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 in}{\i\f5\expnd2\expndtw12\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 }{\i\f5\expnd2\expndtw12\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-2\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 SUNY}{\f5\insrsid15680882 }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 community colleges begin well in advance of the colleges' }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 fiscal}{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 }{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-3\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 year. Preliminary operating budget}{\b\f5\expnd0\expndtw-3\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 }{ \f5\expnd0\expndtw-4\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 requests are submitted to}{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-4\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-4\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 the}{\f5\expnd0\expndtw-4\insrsid12459730 }{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 University in midsummer and specific forms are used to }{\f5\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 provide data on the present and future years' budget estimates. }{\f5\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 These }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-6\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 requests are consolidated for approval by State University }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-6\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\expnd-1\expndtw-6\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 of New}{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 York trustees and transmittal to the Governor for inclusion }{\f5\insrsid12459730 \par }{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 in}{\f5\insrsid15680882 }{\f5\insrsid7209098\charrsid15680882 the Executive Budget. \par }}\dpx-1117\dpy2709\dpxsize11222\dpysize3360\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}}}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 As noted above, the State University in the mid-1970's did take st}{\f5\insrsid15341802\charrsid4657935 eps to provide closer oversight }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 o}{\f5\insrsid15341802\charrsid4657935 f all communi}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ty college certificate and degree programs: Furthermore}{\f5\insrsid15341802\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 th}{\f5\insrsid15341802\charrsid4657935 e C}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ode of Standards and Procedures for the Administration and Operation of Community Colleges was thoroughly revised in the early 1970's incorporating a new state-aid funding formula based upon maximum limitations. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-58\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-58\lin0\itap0\pararsid12459730 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 About the same time in August that the State University consoli\- dates community college preliminary budget projections, it must}{\f5\insrsid12459730 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 also analyze and approve community college operating budget requests for the state aid authorized the past spring and needed for the fiscal year starting in Septe mber. The analyses are mace to ascertain compliance with state mandates and available state aid. Since the University has already received the preliminary budgets for the following year, reconciliation of all community college overlapping year state aid a mounts to the State's fiscal year is possible. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par Although New York was the last state to establish a statewide community college system, its growth has been rapid. Today, the State University of New York's community college enrollment of over 175,000 students makes it among the largest community col\- lege systems in the country. Even more impressive is the fact that based on fall, 1984 statistics, New York State, led by SUNY and CUNY community colleges, was one of only five states to enroll more than 250,000 c ommunity college students. If credit-free course enrollment were counted, the number would be substan\- tially higher. This success in enrollment is undoubtedly created in part by the excellent accessibility of SUNY's community colleges, for non-traditional students as well as recent high school graduates, matched by the quality and breadth of their faculty and programs, designed to meet the diverse needs of the state's population. Thus, it would appear that in 1985 the community colleges have far exceeded t he modest goals that were anticipated in 1948 when New York State passed the enabling legislation that led to the development of the present SUNY community college system. \par \sect }\sectd \margtsxn1440\margbsxn1440\psz1\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13911652\sftnbj \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12459730 {\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid12459730 FOOTNOTES \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid12459730 {\f5\insrsid12459730 1. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 A book of clippings about Peoples College is located at Cornell University. The original concept of Peoples College emerged from the depression of the 1837 and from the Mechan\-ics Mutual Protection Society, which sought to help its members financially and socially through }{\f5\insrsid12459730 further education and training.}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid12459730 {\f5\insrsid12459730 2. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Th e vocational farm schools established by New York's Department of Agriculture were to become the Agricultural and Technical Colleges of the State University today. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid12459730 {\f5\insrsid12459730 3. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Sixteen high schools in California had post-high school g raduate courses or junior college programs by 1916. By 1921, a system of junior college programs covered that state. California's efforts were cited by the staff of New York's Temporary Commission on the Need for a State Univer\- sity in Reeves, Henderson and Cowen's }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Matching Needs and Facilities in Higher Education}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1948 (p.75). Here they said: "If the youth of New York State desire the community college type of education to the same extent that California youth enroll in junior colleges, then one of the gre atest needs in New York State is for two-year terminal programs of technical and general education to accommodate approximately 93,000 youth." Furthermore, reviewing examples of adult education in California, Michigan and Wisconsin and citing the "fully d eveloped form" existing in California's junior colleges, they said (p. 106): "It is estimated that any junior college which fully meets the needs of its community will enroll more adults than regular students." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid12459730 {\f5\insrsid12459730 4. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 An account of the Emergency Collegiate Cen ters in Syracuse Area was written by Harry Smith, }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 The Emergency Collegiate Centers of Central New York}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1937. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid12459730 {\f5\insrsid12459730 5. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Yet, Philip Cowen's }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 A Study of Factors Relating to College Attendance in New York State}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1946 (pages 24-25 and 55-62) showed that the spaces to be made available by the proposed plan would not satisfy the needs of New York State's youth. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid12459730 {\f5\insrsid12459730 6. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Oliver Carmichael, Jr., in }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 New York Establishes a State University}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1955, traces in great detail the demand for a state university and its eventual establishment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid8672508 {\f5\insrsid12459730 7. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 In the State of New York }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Preliminary Report of the Temporary Commission on the Need for a State University}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1947 (p. 25) it is stated: "All types and kinds of post-high school educational opportunities have been kept in mind. The solutions must be planned along broad lines. It is this conception of its function that has caused the Commission to plan such a wide variety of studies." Report of the Presi}{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1041\insrsid12731980 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft0\shptop14476\shpright11951\shpbottom15012\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr5\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz8\shplid1034{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 589824}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pWrapPolygonVertices}{\sv 8;5;(-62,0) ;(-62,21600);(21662,21600);(21662,0);(-62,0)}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fEditedWrap}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl-480\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12591770 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs42\expnd0\expndtw4\insrsid7209098 \par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8200\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl-480\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12591770 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \fs42\expnd0\expndtw4\insrsid7209098 \par }}\dpx0\dpy14476\dpxsize11951\dpysize536\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}}}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 dent's Commission on Higher Education, }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Higher Education for American Democracy}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , Vol. 1, "Establishing the Goals," 1947. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid8672508 \par }\pard \ql \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid8672508 {\f5\insrsid8672508 8. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 State of New York, }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Report of the Temporary Commission on the }{\f5\ul\insrsid12591770\charrsid5310983 }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 need for a State University}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1948 (p. 16). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid8672508 {\f5\insrsid8672508 9. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 The interrelated action of creating the State University and passing enabling legislation for the establishment of community colleges is traced in detail by Carmichael}{\f5\insrsid5310983 , }{\f5\ul\insrsid5310983\charrsid5310983 op}{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 cit}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ., (p. 215-233). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid8672508 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Furthermore, the decision to pass the State University law and the community college law as separate bills appears to have been a last minute decision. The Govern or's press release of March 5, 1948 clearly dealt with the State University and the community colleges as a single concept.}{\f5\insrsid8672508 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 It spoke of the inability of private }{ \f5\insrsid12591770\charrsid4657935 philanthropy}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 to extend the system of colleges and universities to meet the State's growing needs. The release said that the Commission recom\- mended that the university program in some parts be "con-ducted directly by the State and in some parts assisted by the State.... The plan embraced by the Commission's report and the legislation that will impl ement it constitutes a new charter for the youth of the State of New York in providing opportunities for higher education." Furthermore, letters to the Governor and legislative leaders of March 8, 1948 from the Regents strongly opposing the transfer of ad minis\-trative powers to the State University, as set forth in the March 1 bill, are included in the bill jacket for the State University bill. A Regents proposed amended bill also includes the community colleges in the University legisla\-tion. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid8672508 {\f5\insrsid8672508 10. N}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ew York State, }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Education Law}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , Section 6301.2 (prior to June, 1984 amendment). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid8672508 {\f5\insrsid8672508 11. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Orange County Community College and Jamestown Community College began in 1950 and Auburn Community College in 1955. Alvin Eurich, then President of State University of New York, wrote in }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 School Executive}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 LXIX}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , December 1949, (p. 57) that the Trustees of the State University invited all college and university presidents, city mayors and leaders of county boards of supervisors to a two-day conference to hear about the newly-proposed c ommunity colleges. Most participants indicated an inability to raise the funds needed by local taxation, but two cities said they were ready to go ahead immediately. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid8672508 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 The State University of New York }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1950 (p. 16) stated: "The founding of the Orange County institution in particular was so unusual that some mention of it seems appropriate here. Mrs. John M. Morrison of Middletown generously contributed her three million dollar estate as a home for the new college. With a}{\f5\insrsid8672508 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 capital outlay of less than two hundred fifty thousand dollars, it will be possible to bring into full operation an adequately housed and equipped institution that will provide needed higher education to the youth of Orange County and t he mid-Hudson Valley." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid4657062 {\f5\insrsid4657062 12. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 On April 9, 1957 John C. Crary, Jr., State University Counsel, wrote a memorandum to the Governor regarding the Assembly bill Intro. #2862 and Print #2974 supporting removal of restrictions in the Education Law upon six communit y colleges because of their earlier institute status. The bill was to make the former institutes compara\-ble to the other five community colleges. This matter had been raised by the State Education Department in its study entitled: }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Needs and Facilities in Higher Education in New York State}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1957 (p.63). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid4657062 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Following repeal of the restrictive language, the-State Education Department held a conference entitled: }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 2 + 2 = ?}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 and attempted to create a policy for articulating two- and four-year college education. Up to that time, the former institutes were not classified by the State Education Department as "higher education" because of their terminal programs. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid4657062 {\f5\insrsid4657062 13. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 New York State, }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Education Law}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , Section 354, Subdivision 3 and 5. In preparation for this five-year mast er plan, a study was made of the entire college-age population of the State. It was assumed that 18 percent of the State's college-age population would attend two-year colleges and 20 percent four-year colleges. However, the plan was approved with reserva t ions by both the Regents and the Governor because of disagreements expressed by the Governor, the Association of Colleges and Universities of the State of New York and others. Chapter IV of the 1950 plan provided "Guidelines to Local Communities" setting forth the charac\-teristics of a community college and the steps to be taken in establishing such colleges. Guidance regarding geograph\- ical conditions and occupational needs were also included. Active citizen participation, community surveys, legislative support and cooperative State University advice all combined to promote New York's community colleges. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid4657062 {\f5\insrsid4657062 14. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 A copy of the State Attorney General's letter to President}{ \f5\insrsid485585\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Alvin C. Eurich, June 1, 1950, is the 1950 }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Master Plan}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 (p. 4 and 5). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid1394682 {\f5\insrsid4657062 15. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 The State University of New York, Board of Trustees, }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid5310983 Annual Report}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1958 (p. 33) says that the acceptance of the commu\- nity college program in public higher education continued to grow in every region of the state "stimulated by the State Court of Appeals upholding of the constitutionality of the community college law." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358 \par }{\f5\insrsid6227228 \par }{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1041\insrsid12731980 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft0\shptop14312\shpright10461\shpbottom14733\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr5\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz9\shplid1035 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 655360}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pWrapPolygonVertices}{\sv 8;5;(-62,0);(-62,21600);(21662,21600);(21662,0);(-62,0)}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fEditedWrap}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12591770 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \f37\fs30\expnd0\expndtw2\insrsid7209098 \par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8201\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12591770 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \f37\fs30\expnd0\expndtw2\insrsid7209098 \par }}\dpx0\dpy14312\dpxsize10461\dpysize421\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}}}{\f5\insrsid1394682 16. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 State University of New York, }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7825579 Annual Report}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1952 (p. 19)\_ \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid13990458 {\f5\insrsid13990458 17. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 State University of New York, The }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7825579 Master Plan Revised 19}{\f5\ul\insrsid7825579 64}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 "Stature and Excellence: Focus for the Future," 1964 (p.}{\f5\insrsid12591770\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 xi). \par }\pard \ql \li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid13990458 {\f5\insrsid7825579 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid7825579 {\f5\insrsid7825579 18. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 State University of New York, Board of Trustees, }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7825579 Annual Report}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1962/63 (p. 25). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid7825579 {\f5\insrsid10373090 19}{\f5\insrsid7825579 . }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 State University of New York, }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7825579 Progress Report and Interim Revision of the Master Plan for 1964}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1967 (p. 9). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid7825579 {\f5\insrsid10373090 20}{\f5\insrsid7825579 . }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 A Report of the Legislature's Consultant on Higher Educa\-tion, }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7825579 The Legislature and Higher Education in New York State}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1964 pointed out that a new responsibility for "educating the last quarter" existed and urged the Legisla\- ture, State University and City University to tackle the problem, using more "socially and culturally acceptable settings" than community colleges (p. 35). \par }\pard \ql \li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid7825579 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 The matter of increased higher education opportunity had been raised in 1948 and earlier. David Berkowitz in }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7825579 In-equality of Opportunity in Higher Education}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 : A Report to the Temporary Commission on the Need for a State University analyzed minority and other group barriers to college education.}{\f5\insrsid2102358 \par }{\f5\insrsid7825579\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid7825579 {\f5\insrsid7825579 21. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 See: Dorothy Knoell, }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7825579 Toward Educational Opportunity for All}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 19}{\f5\insrsid12591770\charrsid4657935 66 (p. 201). Dorothy Knoell conc}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 luded that there was a need for a full spectrum of occupational and liberal education programs leading to certificates and degrees, including remedial or developmental courses; and the means whereby the disadvantaged could achieve upward educational and occupational mobility with the aid of more and better counseling (p. 193). Guidelines. for developing urban centers (i.e. EEO centers) were proposed (p. 205-211). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid7825579 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 22}{\f5\insrsid12591770\charrsid4657935 . }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 The }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7825579 1967 Progress Report and Interim Review of the Master Plan of 1964 for the State University of New York}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 discussed a recommendation by the Governor that State University establish and supervise Urban Centers of Vocational Training in cooperation with one or more community colleges. Four such centers were in their first year of operati on, at Buffalo, Albany and New York City. The State University's }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7825579 The Master Plan Revised, 1968}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , "Creation of the Future: Priorities of Growth and Change" noted that the University's plan of programs for the disadvantaged was approved as a guide for action (p. 41). However, the 1970 }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7825579 Progress Report and Interim Revision of the Master Plan of 1968 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 (p. 78) added that the principal efforts and resources for EOP would be where commitment existed along with flexible and sensi\- tive learning environments. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid7825579 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 23}{\f5\insrsid12591770\charrsid4657935 . }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 State University of New York, }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid7825579 A General Plan for the Organi\-zation, Development, Coordination and Operation of the}{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358 \par }\pard \ql \li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid10373090 {\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid10373090 Educational Opportunity Programs of the State University of }{\f5\ul\insrsid10373090 N}{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid10373090 ew York}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 . This was submitted to the Board of Regents in compliance with Education Law, Section 6452 as amended in 1970. Criteria for determining economic disadvantagement was established by the Regents and was the same as for HEOP at the private colleges. Also see: State University of New York, Office of Special Programs and Urban Centers, }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid10373090 Annual Report - Equal Opportunity Program 1970-71}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , "Report No. 1." The six community colleges in EOP in 1970-71 were Corning, Herkimer, Hudson Valley, Jamestown, Mohawk Valley and Rockland. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }{\f5\insrsid10373090 24. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 See: Chapter 708 of the Laws of 1973, effective July}{\f5\insrsid12591770\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 1, 1973. \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid16057975 {\f5\insrsid10373090 25. }{\f5\insrsid12591770\charrsid4657935 State University of }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 New York, Trustee Committee on the Special Problems of the Community Colleges, }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid16057975 Final}{\f5\ul\insrsid12591770\charrsid16057975 }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid16057975 Report}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , February, 1976 (p.8). An endorsement of the FOP by the Wales Committee is g' en here. Nassau Community College was the last communit}{\f5\insrsid12591770\charrsid4657935 y}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 college to become an FOP college in 1977. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid16057975 {\f5\insrsid16057975 26. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 State University of New York, Board of Trustees, }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid16057975 Annual Report}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1961-62 (p. 21). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16057975 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 27}{\f5\insrsid12591770\charrsid4657935 .}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \tab See Memorandum to Presidents (MP) Vol. 73, No. 48, "Proce\-dures for Submission of Academic Program Proposals," as am ended in MP Vol. 74, No. 34, "Regional Program Review," MP Vol. 83, No. 7 and the latest revision MP Vol. 84, No. 10. This is one of many examples of revised SUNY policies based on the needs of SUNY, the campuses, and State Educa\-tion Department. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16057975 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 28}{\f5\insrsid12591770\charrsid4657935 .}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \tab See Memorandum to Presidents Vol. 76, No. 27, "Procedures for Elimination of Academic Programs," revised in MP Vol. 83, No. 11, "Procedures for Deactivation and/or Discontinu\- ance of Academic Programs"; MP Vol. 75, No. 5, "Memorandum of Understanding: Academic Planning," deals with an agree\-ment with the State Education Department for a single classification system (HEGIS) for higher education curricu\- la; and MP Vol. 77, No. 3 and Vol. 79, No. 3, "Undergraduate Academic Program Reviews." The latest policy requests summaries of the results of program reviews. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16057975 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 The Wales Committee also recommended that retention guide-lines be developed. See p. 12 of this report. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16057975 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 29}{\f5\insrsid12591770\charrsid4657935 .}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 }{ \f5\insrsid485585\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Committee on Higher Education, }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid16057975 Meeting the Increased Demand for Higher Education in New York State}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 : Report to the Gover\-nor and Board of Regents, 1960, (p. 30). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }{\f5\insrsid16057975 30. }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 State University of New York,}{\f5\insrsid485585\charrsid4657935 }{\f5\ul\insrsid485585\charrsid16057975 T}{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid16057975 he Master Plan}{ \f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ,}{\f5\insrsid485585\charrsid4657935 1972,}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 (p. 8). \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid743716 {\f5\insrsid16057975 31.\tab }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 The task force, chaired by Charles Ingler, Associate Chancellor of Policy and Planning, consisted of eight presidents}{\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1041\insrsid12731980 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft0\shptop13507\shpright9912\shpbottom13831\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr5\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz10\shplid1036{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 720896}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pWrapPolygonVertices}{\sv 8;5;(-62,0) ;(-62,21600);(21662,21600);(21662,0);(-62,0)}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fEditedWrap}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \ql \li5328\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5328\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f2\fs26\insrsid7209098 \par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8202\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \ql \li5328\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5328\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f2\fs26\insrsid7209098 \par }}\dpx0\dpy13507\dpxsize9912\dpysize324\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}}}{\f5\insrsid743716 }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 from the community colleges, two local community college }{\f5\insrsid485585\charrsid4657935 t}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 rustees (of which Alfred Hallenbeck was one), and senior officers from State University's Central Office (as resource persons). The establishment of this task force followed an agreement to continue the Agricultural and Technical Insti\- tutes as units of the State University. "The Preliminary Report for Discussion Among the Constituencies of the Community Colleges" was released by the task force in November 1972. It was reviewed in December 1972 and again in January 1973, at which time its first recommendation that five local trustees be appointed by the Governor and four by the sponsor was deleted. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid743716 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 A session on "Better Community College - County Officer Relations" was held at Cornell University by the County Officers Association of the State of New York a few years earlier (i.e. in 1970). Numerous complaints of misunder\- standings, lack of cooperation, outright hostility, etc. were heard from both the county officers and the community college participants. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid743716 {\f5\insrsid743716 32.\tab }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 New York State, Legislative Commission on Expenditure Review, }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid743716 Evaluation of Two-Year }{\f5\ul\insrsid485585\charrsid743716 College }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid743716 Trends}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1973. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid743716 {\f5\insrsid743716 33. \tab }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 Task Force on Financing Higher Education, }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid743716 Higher Education in New York State--A Report to Governor Nelson A. Rocke\-feller}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1973, (p. 18). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }{\f5\insrsid743716 34.\tab }{\f5\ul\insrsid485585\charrsid743716 Ibid}{\f5\insrsid485585\charrsid4657935 ., (p. 19).}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid743716 {\f5\insrsid743716 35.\tab }{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 State of New York, Legislative Document 1974, No. 1, }{ \f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid743716 Report of the Select Committee on Higher Education}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 , 1974, (p. 13). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4657935 {\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid743716 {\f5\insrsid743716 36.\tab }{\f5\ul\insrsid2102358\charrsid743716 Ibid}{\f5\insrsid2102358\charrsid4657935 ., (p. 14). The report hoped for new legislation in 1975 following the preparation of new University plans and procedures concerning program quality and budgetary contr}{\expnd-1\expndtw-8\insrsid2102358 ol.}{\insrsid2102358 \par }}